![]() It is only thought to have developed into an ethnonym as Malacca became a regional power in the 15th century. Melayu then became associated with Srivijaya, and remained associated with various parts of Sumatra, especially Palembang, where the founder of the Malacca Sultanate is thought to have come from. Īt some point, the Melayu Kingdom took its name from the Sungai Melayu. Other notable accounts are by the 2nd-century Ptolemy's Geographia that used the name Malayu Kulon for the west coast of Golden Chersonese, and the 7th-century Yijing's account of Malayu. The Sanskrit text Vayu Purana, thought to have been in existence since the first millennium CE, mentioned a land named 'Malayadvipa' which was identified by certain scholars as the modern Malay peninsula. Similar-sounding variants have also appeared in accounts older than the 11th century, as toponyms for areas in Sumatra or referring to a larger region around the Strait of Malacca. A final suggestion is that it comes from a Javanese word meaning 'to run', from which a river, the Sungai Melayu ('Melayu river'), was named due to its strong current. Another suggestion is that it derives from the Pamalayu campaign. Another similar theory claims its origin lies in the Tamil words malai and ur meaning 'mountain' and 'city, land', respectively. It may derive from the Sanskrit Himalaya, referring to areas high in the mountains, or Malaiyur-pura, meaning 'mountain town'. The origin of the word Melayu is subject to various theories. ![]() The name Malaysia is a combination of the word Malays and the Latin-Greek suffix -ia/ -ία which can be translated as 'land of the Malays'. Malaysia used as a label for the Malay Archipelago on a 1914 map from a United States atlas It is a founding member of ASEAN, EAS, and OIC and a member of APEC, the Commonwealth, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked third-largest in Southeast Asia and 36th-largest in the world. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism. The head of government is the Prime Minister.Īfter independence, the Malaysian GDP grew at an average rate of 6.5% per annum for almost 50 years. The head of state is an elected monarch, chosen from among the nine state sultans every five years. The government is modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system, and the legal system is based on common law. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims. English remains an active second language. The country's official language is Malaysian Malay, a standard form of the Malay language. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with minorities of Chinese, Indians, and indigenous peoples. The country is multiethnic and multicultural, which has a significant effect on its politics. In August 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation and became a separate independent country. The independent Malaya united with the then British crown colonies of North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. The country achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Following three years of occupation, peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 and then restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948. During World War Two, British Malaya, along with other nearby British and American colonies, was occupied by the Empire of Japan. ![]() Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms, which, from the 18th century on, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to numerous endemic species. ![]() The southernmost point of continental Eurasia is in Tanjung Piai. With a population of over 32 million, Malaysia is the world's 45th-most populous country. Putrajaya is the administrative center, which represents the seat of both the executive branch (the Cabinet, federal ministries, and agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, the country's largest city, and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia, and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. ![]() The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Malaysia ( / m ə ˈ l eɪ z i ə, - ʒ ə/ ( listen) mə- LAY-zee-ə, -zhə Malay: ) is a country in Southeast Asia. ![]()
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